| Sir Francis Bacon | 1561-1626 | 
| Galileo Galilei | 1564-1642 | 
| Robert Burton | 1577-1640 | 
| Lord Herbert | 1583-1648 | 
| Thomas Hobbes | 1588-1679 | 
| René
Descartes | 1596-1650 | 
| Robert Boyle | 1627-1691 | 
| John Locke | 1632-1704 | 
| Baruch Spinoza | 1632-1677 | 
| Sir Isaac Newton | 1642-1727 | 
| Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz | 1646-1716 | 
| Bernard Mandeville | 1670-1733 | 
| Earl of Shaftesbury | 1671-1713 | 
| George Berkeley | 1685-1753 | 
| Francis Hutcheson | 1694-1746 | 
| Pierre Louis
Moreau de Maupertuis | 1698-1759 | 
| Julien Offray
de La Mettrie | 1709-1751 | 
| David Hume | 1711-1776 | 
| Adam Smith | 1723-1790 | 
| Immanuel Kant | 1724-1804 |